The Relationship of Self-Efficacy and Family Support with Medication Adherence in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus

Abstract

Background: Medication adherence is a crucial component in achieving glucose control and reducing the risk of long-term complications. Non-adherence to medication remains a common issue among individuals with diabetes. Psychosocial factors, particularly family support and self-efficacy, can significantly impact patient adherence to prescribed treatment protocols. Objective: This study aimed to examine the relationship between family support, self-efficacy, and medication adherence in individuals with diabetes mellitus. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted involving patients with diabetes mellitus at the Chania Care Center in June 2026. Data were collected using questionnaires, including the Hensarling Diabetes Family Support Scale (HDFSS), the Self-Efficacy for Diabetes Scale (SED), and the 8-item Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS-8). Descriptive data were analyzed using frequencies and percentages, while relationships between variables were evaluated using the Spearman Rank correlation test, with a significance threshold of p < 0.05. Results: A significant correlation was found between family support, self-efficacy, and medication adherence in individuals with diabetes mellitus (p < 0.05). Participants who received greater family support and demonstrated higher self-efficacy tended to exhibit better adherence to prescribed medications. Self-efficacy was identified as the most influential factor associated with medication adherence after adjusting for potential confounding factors. Conclusion: Family support and self-efficacy are significant psychosocial factors associated with medication adherence in patients with diabetes mellitus. Strategies that enhance family involvement and strengthen patients' confidence in managing their treatment can help improve medication adherence, thereby supporting more effective diabetes management and health outcomes.