Factors Associated with Hypertension Among Older Adults at Pesantren Primary Health Center, Kediri

Abstract

Background: Hypertension is one of the leading non-communicable diseases among older adults and a major risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. The increasing prevalence of hypertension in Indonesia highlights the need to identify modifiable and non-modifiable factors associated with hypertension among older adults in primary health care settings. Objective: This study aimed to analyze the factors associated with hypertension among older adults at the Pesantren Primary Health Center, Kediri. Methods: An analytical observational study with a cross-sectional design was conducted from May to June 2026. The study involved 119 older adults selected from a population of 168 using proportional random sampling based on the Slovin formula. Data were collected through structured questionnaires, blood pressure measurements, anthropometric assessments, and medical record reviews. The independent variables included age, sex, body mass index, family history of hypertension, physical activity, dietary habits, and stress level, while hypertension status served as the dependent variable. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Chi-square tests, and multiple logistic regression with a significance level of 0.05. Results: Hypertension was identified in 60.5% of respondents. Low physical activity was the strongest factor associated with hypertension, followed by overweight or obesity, unhealthy dietary habits, and family history of hypertension. Sex was not significantly associated with hypertension after multivariable analysis. Conclusion: Hypertension among older adults is primarily associated with modifiable lifestyle factors. Comprehensive nursing interventions emphasizing physical activity, healthy dietary practices, weight management, and family-centered health education are recommended to improve blood pressure control and prevent cardiovascular complications.